Analysis of the impact of occupational risks in the mining sector in Ecuador

Mining in Ecuador has become a topic of widespread debate and analysis by various public and private sectors. It is in this context that the present research arises, whose objective is to analyze the impact of occupational hazards in the country's mining sector. The method used corresponds to a documentary-descriptive design, based on various scientific sources. The central criterion for analysis is Occupational Safety and Health, considering the current legal and regulatory framework in Ecuador. To establish a comparative analysis, statistics on occupational accidents and diseases in the mining sector of Andean countries such as Peru and Colombia are presented, given that their extractive processes are similar to those in Ecuador. The results of the Survey on Working Conditions and Health, conducted by the Ministry of Public Health during the period 2021–2022, are also included. The discussion integrates criteria of perception from the economic, social, environmental, political, and occupational safety and health dimensions, which enriched the analysis of the information collected. As a result, a proposal is put forward based on the provisions of the International Labor Organization, specifically Convention 176 on Safety and Health in Mines, adopted on June 22, 1995. It should be noted that, in the Andean region, Peru ratified this convention on June 19, 2008, thereby strengthening its risk prevention policies in the mining sector. In the case of Ecuador, there is still a negative perception of mining, which generates mistrust among the public. Consequently, it is essential that both the State and concessionary companies prioritize the safety and health of workers, while minimizing the impact of mining activity on them. This will help to ensure safer and more sustainable working conditions in the country.